US HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

US HISTORY - Essay Example Schools including universities for blacks and clinics were worked during the reproduction time. Thusly, monetary advancement accomplished caused an improvement in the expectations for everyday comforts of residents. Other than financial results, social changes likewise framed piece of the reproduction period. Social liberties charge that supported equivalent benefits among America residents passed by the extreme republicans, for instance, finished dark codes that energized constrained bondage (Bodenhamer and Ely, 2008). The social equality bill started opportunity among residents prompting the production of social offices in dark networks, for example, schools, temples. It further empowered self-administration. Political changes during the recreation period changed the administration arrangement of the nation. Recreation revisions, for example, the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth changes banned subjugation, made structure of carrying southerners to the government and fortified blacks social liberties. In July 9, 1865 for example, the approval of the fourteenth amendment guaranteed that the social equality act made by radical republicans to battle for the value of residents stays legitimate (Nelson, 2009). Apparently, recreation time was an achievement in American history in view of the different social, monetary and political headways accomplished. It made establishment for advancement and solidarity inside government States after common war other than making rational soundness to dark rights. It additionally supported the production of human rights developments, for example, ladies

A Game of Thrones Chapter Sixty-eight Free Essays

Daenerys Wings shadowed her fever dreams. â€Å"You don’t need to wake the mythical serpent, do you?† She was strolling down a long corridor underneath high stone curves. She was unable to look behind her, must not look behind her. We will compose a custom exposition test on A Game of Thrones Chapter Sixty-eight or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now There was an entryway in front of her, minuscule with separation, yet even from a remote place, she saw that it was painted red. She strolled quicker, and her exposed feet left bleeding impressions on the stone. â€Å"You don’t need to wake the winged serpent, do you?† She saw daylight on the Dothraki ocean, the living plain, rich with the scents of earth and demise. Wind mixed the grasses, and they undulated like water. Drogo held her in solid arms, and his hand stroked her sex and opened her and woke that sweet wetness that was his alone, and the stars grinned down on them, stars in a sunshine sky. â€Å"Home,† she murmured as he entered her and filled her with his seed, yet out of nowhere the stars were gone, and over the blue sky cleared the extraordinary wings, and the world took fire. † . . . don’t need to wake the monster, do you?† Ser Jorah’s face was drawn and dismal. â€Å"Rhaegar was the last dragon,† he advised her. He warmed translucent hands over a gleaming brazier where stone eggs seethed red as coals. One second he was there and the following he was blurring, his tissue lackluster, less considerable than the breeze. â€Å"The last dragon,† he murmured, meager as a wisp, and was gone. She felt the dim behind her, and the red entryway appeared to be more distant away than at any other time. † . . . don’t need to wake the mythical beast, do you?† Viserys remained before her, shouting. â€Å"The mythical serpent doesn't ask, skank. You don't order the mythical beast. I am the mythical serpent, and I will be crowned.† The liquid gold streamed down his face like wax, consuming profound diverts in his substance. â€Å"I am the winged serpent and I will be crowned!† he screeched, and his fingers snapped like snakes, gnawing at her areolas, squeezing, turning, even as his eyes burst and ran like jam down burned and darkened cheeks. † . . . don’t need to wake the mythical beast . . . â€Å" The red entryway was so a long ways in front of her, and she could feel the cold breath behind, clearing up on her. In the event that it got her she would kick the bucket a passing that was more than death, yelling always alone in the murkiness. She started to run. † . . . don’t need to wake the winged serpent . . . â€Å" She could feel the warmth inside her, a horrendous consuming in her belly. Her child was tall and pleased, with Drogo’s copper skin and her own silver-gold hair, violet eyes molded like almonds. Also, he grinned for her and started to lift his hand toward hers, however when he opened his mouth the fire spilled out. She saw his heart consuming his chest, and in a moment he was gone, expended like a moth by a flame, went to debris. She sobbed for her youngster, the guarantee of a sweet mouth on her bosom, however her tears went to steam as they contacted her skin. † . . . need to wake the mythical serpent . . . â€Å" Phantoms lined the foyer, wearing the blurred garment of lords. In their grasp were blades of pale fire. They had hair of silver and hair of gold and hair of platinum white, and their eyes were opal and amethyst, tourmaline and jade. â€Å"Faster,† they cried, â€Å"faster, faster.† She dashed, her feet dissolving the stone any place they contacted. â€Å"Faster!† the apparitions cried as one, and she shouted and hurled herself forward. An incredible blade of agony tore down her back, and she felt her skin tear open and smelled the odor of consuming blood and saw the shadow of wings. Also, Daenerys Targaryen flew. † . . . wake the mythical serpent . . . â€Å" The entryway lingered before her, the red entryway, so close, so close, the lobby was a haze around her, the virus subsiding behind. What's more, presently the stone was gone and she flew over the Dothraki ocean, high and higher, the green undulating underneath, and all that lived and inhaled fled in dread from the shadow of her wings. She could smell home, she could see it, there, just past that entryway, green fields and extraordinary stone houses and arms to keep her warm, there. She opened up the entryway. † . . . the mythical serpent . . . â€Å" Also, saw her sibling Rhaegar, mounted on a steed as dark as his defensive layer. Fire glinted red through the limited eye cut of his rudder. â€Å"The last dragon,† Ser Jorah’s voice murmured faintly. â€Å"The last, the last.† Dany lifted his cleaned dark visor. The face inside was her own. From that point onward, for quite a while, there was just the torment, the fire inside her, and the whisperings of stars. She woke to the flavor of cinders. â€Å"No,† she groaned, â€Å"no, please.† â€Å"Khaleesi?† Jhiqui floated over her, a terrified doe. The tent was soaked in shadow, still and close. Drops of debris floated upward from a brazier, and Dany tailed them with her eyes through the smoke opening above. Flying, she thought. I had wings, I was flying. In any case, it was just a fantasy. â€Å"Help me,† she murmured, battling to rise. â€Å"Bring me . . . † Her voice was crude as an injury, and she was unable to think what she needed. For what reason did she hurt to such an extent? Maybe her body had been shredded and revamped from the pieces. â€Å"I need . . . â€Å" â€Å"Yes, Khaleesi.† Quick as that Jhiqui was gone, dashing from the tent, yelling. Dany required . . . something . . . somebody . . . what? It was significant, she knew. It was the main thing on the planet that made a difference. She moved onto her side and got an elbow under her, battling the sweeping tangled about her legs. It was so difficult to move. The world swam woozily. I need to . . . They discovered her on the floor covering, creeping toward her monster eggs. Ser Jorah Mormont lifted her in his arms and conveyed her back to her dozing silks, while she battled weakly against him. Behind him she saw her three handmaids, Jhogo with his little wisp of mustache, and the level expansive face of Mirri Maz Duur. â€Å"I must,† she attempted to let them know, â€Å"I need to . . . â€Å" † . . . rest, Princess,† Ser Jorah said. â€Å"No,† Dany said. â€Å"Please. Please.† â€Å"Yes.† He secured her with silk, however she was consuming. â€Å"Sleep and become solid once more, Khaleesi. Return to us.† And then Mirri Maz Duur was there, the maegi, tipping a cup against her lips. She tasted harsh milk, and something different, something thick and unpleasant. Warm fluid ran down her jaw. By one way or another she gulped. The tent developed dimmer, and rest took her once more. This time she didn't dream. She drifted, tranquil and settled, on a dark ocean that knew no shore. Following a timeâ€a night, a day, a year, she couldn't sayâ€she woke once more. The tent was dull, its smooth dividers fluttering like wings when the breeze blasted outside. This time Dany didn't endeavor to rise. â€Å"Irri,† she called, â€Å"Jhiqui. Doreah.† They were there immediately. â€Å"My throat is dry,† she stated, â€Å"so dry,† and they brought her water. It was warm and level, yet Dany drank it anxiously, and sent Jhiqui for additional. Irri hosed a delicate material and stroked her temple. â€Å"I have been sick,† Dany said. The Dothraki young lady gestured. â€Å"How long?† The material was relieving, yet Irri appeared to be so dismal, it alarmed her. â€Å"Long,† she murmured. When Jhiqui came back with more water, Mirri Maz Duur accompanied her, eyes overwhelming from rest. â€Å"Drink,† she stated, lifting Dany’s head to the cup again, yet this time it was just wine. Sweet, sweet wine. Dany drank, and lay back, tuning in to the delicate sound of her own relaxing. She could feel the weight in her appendages, as rest sneaked in to top her off again. â€Å"Bring me . . . † she mumbled, her voice slurred and tired. â€Å"Bring . . . I need to hold . . . â€Å" â€Å"Yes?† the maegi inquired. â€Å"What is it you wish, Khaleesi?† â€Å"Bring me . . . egg . . . dragon’s egg . . . it would be ideal if you . . . † Her lashes went to lead, and she was too tired to even consider holding them up. At the point when she woke the third time, a pole of brilliant daylight was pouring through the smoke gap of the tent, and her arms were folded over a dragon’s egg. It was the pale one, its scales the shade of spread cream, veined with whorls of gold and bronze, and Dany could feel its warmth. Underneath her bedsilks, a fine sheen of sweat secured her uncovered skin. Dragondew, she thought. Her fingers trailed softly over the outside of the shell, following the wisps of gold, and somewhere down in the stone she felt something turn and stretch accordingly. It didn't startle her. All her dread was gone, consumed with extreme heat. Dany contacted her temple. Under the film of sweat, her skin was cool to the touch, her fever gone. She caused herself to sit. There was a snapshot of wooziness, and the profound hurt between her thighs. However she felt solid. Her house keepers came running at the sound of her voice. â€Å"Water,† she let them know, â€Å"a cup of water, cold as you can discover it. Furthermore, organic product, I think. Dates.† â€Å"As you state, Khaleesi.† â€Å"I need Ser Jorah,† she stated, standing. Jhiqui brought a sandsilk robe and hung it over her shoulders. â€Å"And a steaming shower, and Mirri Maz Duur, and . . . † Memory returned to her at the same time, and she floundered. â€Å"Khal Drogo,† she constrained herself to state, watching their appearances with fear. â€Å"Is hemdash?† â€Å"The khal lives,† Irri addressed unobtrusively . . . however Dany recognized an obscurity easily when she said the words, and no sooner had she spoken than she hurried away to bring water. She went to Doreah. â€Å"Tell me.† â€Å"I . . . I will bring Ser Jorah,† the Lysene young lady stated, bowing her head and escaping the tent. Jhiqui would have ru

How to Stop Worrying When You Have Anxiety

How to Stop Worrying When You Have Anxiety Panic Disorder Symptoms Print How to Stop Worrying When You Have Anxiety By Sheryl Ankrom linkedin Sheryl Ankrom is a clinical professional counselor and nationally certified clinical mental health counselor specializing in anxiety disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Sheryl Ankrom Updated on May 17, 2019 Russell Johnson / EyeEm / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Coping Related Conditions It’s normal to worry from time to time. Given life’s many unknowns and challenges, worry could be considered a very natural response to many situations. Chronic and all-consuming worry, though, can be troublesome and interfere with our ability to function freely and calmly in our daily lives. More importantly, it can make recovery from panic disorder or agoraphobia more difficult. In 1967, researchers Liebert and Morris suggested that anxiety has two main dimensions: Worry, which covers the ruminating or repetitive thoughts that are generally focused on potential failure or some other type of negative resultEmotionality, which refers to the excessive physiological arousal, such as sweating, heart racing, etc., that accompany states of anxiety. Other researchers have studied this two-dimensional model of anxiety and generally concur with the findings of Liebert and Morris, so it’s safe to say that worry is a main component of anxiety. Worry and Fear Worry can be normal and even beneficial in certain circumstances. If you’re worried about taking an upcoming exam, you may feel a sense of anxiety. Hopefully, this type of worry will motivate you to study harder. On the other hand, chronic worry tends to do the opposite, keeping you from doing what you need to do. Worry becomes a problem when it is chronic, consuming, and leads to anxious avoidance and inhibition. In other words, worry becomes fear. It distracts you from important matters, and it can inhibit action or problem-solving. Using the above example, lets say youre worried that you wont do well on an upcoming exam. Instead of the exam motivating you to study harder, though, your worry consumes your mind, you cant concentrate on the task at hand and you are unable to prepare properly for the test. Your fear of failure now becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Are Your Worrisome Thoughts a Problem? You may have a problem with worry if you: Consistently worry about future failures, dangers, or other types of negative outcomesRuminate, or repeat in your mind, the same worry or worriesTry to stop worrying by anxious avoidance of certain situationsBecome paralyzed with worry and are unable to focus on, or implement, constructive solutions to your problems. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

School Readiness Is An Issue Of Concern Essay - 2120 Words

Introduction In early childhood education, school readiness has been becoming an issue of concern. Early childhood educators have the responsibility to prepare the child to demonstrate certain skills, behaviour and abilities that are essential for getting them ‘ready for school’ and their ‘school-success’. Children are prepared to excel in certain key areas of learning so that they can meet certain kindergarten standards and expectations of curriculum. According to Maxwell Clifford (2004), â€Å"School readiness involves more than just children. School readiness, in the broadest sense, is about children, families, early environments, schools, and communities. Children are not innately â€Å"ready† or â€Å"not ready† for school. Their skills and development are strongly influenced by their families and through their interactions with other people and environments before coming to school† (p. 42). Interaction of children with their teachers, parents and surroundings provide enriched and learning experiences to the child that lays the groundwork for further learning and development. Although school readiness is a multi-dimensional concept that has many advantages, but it has been becoming a discourse within the field of early childhood education. There are certain fixed goals, procedures and outcomes and child is viewed as ‘incomplete’ which has to ‘become complete’ by engaging in certa in activities that enhance their learning and development. The children are classified intoShow MoreRelatedSchool Readiness Is Becoming An Issue Of Concern Essay2106 Words   |  9 PagesIn early childhood education, school readiness has been becoming an issue of concern. Early childhood educators have the responsibility to prepare the child to demonstrate certain skills, behaviour and abilities that are essential for getting them ‘ready’ and their ‘academic-success’. Children are prepared to excel in certain key areas of learning so that they can meet certain kindergarten standards and expectations of curriculum. The National Association for Young Children website (https://wwwRead MoreSchool Counselors Should Be Legal For The Equitable Treatment Of All Students1689 Words   |  7 PagesSchool counselors should be able to distinguish the differences between individual and group dissimilarities and strive to value all students and groups equally. They should advocate for the equitable treatment of all students in their school and in their community. If a school counselor wants to be successful in ensuring an equity-based program, they should consider the role of culture, ethnicity, race, gender, religion, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and other factors (Curry MilsonRead MoreAction Research On Act Best Practices Essay1194 Words   |  5 Pages Action Research on ACT Best Practices Narrative Hook North Panola High School (NPHS) serves as a perfect model for improvement within its’ academic learning communities. Change oftentimes occurs in deliberate fashion, yet offers insight into the meticulous attention that must be given to achieve change. NPHS has traditionally struggled academically until recently. As recently as the 2009-2010 (SY), the school was on the state’s radar and labeled as â€Å"At Risk of Failing†. The graduation rateRead Moreimplication of maslows hierarchy of needs to educators1352 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact student performance and learning in the classroom? Schools and government agencies have long realized that if students basic needs are not met student performance will suffer. The advent of free breakfast and lunch programs were a direct result of such considerations. Unfortunately, these measures address only part of the first tier of Maslow s theory; physiological needs. Addressing basic physiological needs is still a key concern in today s classroom. Lack of proper nutrition, personalRead MoreThe Effects Of A Developmental Boot Camp1595 Words   |  7 Pagesachieve significantly higher results on the posttest leading the researcher to the conclusion that previous educational gaps in English instruction existed for participants. The author suggests that findings indicate that schools are failing to prepare students for college readiness in math and English (77). The author concludes that this study sheds light on three important factors leading community colleges to implement developmental courses; adults returning to college after many years, accessRead MoreAction Research On Act Best Practices Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pages Action Research on ACT Best Practices Narrative Hook North Panola High School (NPHS) serves as a perfect model for improvement within its? academic learning communities. Change oftentimes occurs in deliberate fashion, yet offer?s insight into the meticulous attention that must be given to achieve change?. NPHS has traditionally struggled academically until recently. As recent?ly as the 2009-2010? (SY), the school was on the state?s radar and labeled as ?At Risk of Failing?.? The graduationRead MoreEducating The Gifted Through Ability1669 Words   |  7 PagesEducating the Gifted Through Ability Grouping in Elementary Schools 1) What is Ability Grouping? How does it seek to further the educational needs of a diverse group of students in a classroom or a school? a) â€Å"Ability grouping refers to the grouping of students of the same ability or according to their demonstrated performance or readiness level† (Misset et al) (1) Using groups according to ability creates a homogenous environment for students to learn with others at a pace that matches the needsRead MoreAt Home with Homeschooling1306 Words   |  6 PagesThere is nothing a parent would refuse for their own child. Parents go to great lengths to make sure that their children are well cared for. The quality of education that children receive is among one of the greatest concerns for parents. Parents will do just about anything to make sure their children have the best education they can receive, even if this means that they choose a path of home schooling. 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The goal of the principal is to educate him/herself as much as possible so that he/she can better understand the benefits, concerns, and effectiveness of trying a new program in the building. This is also when any testing or screening would need to happen so that the principal can get a clearer picture of the needs within the school based on the current

Why I Don t Type On The Home Row - 906 Words

I hated learning to write and read, my dad would sit with me at a tiny desk in my room. He would try to get me to hold a pencil the correct way. I refused to and he would insist. Then again I would refuse and he d insist. Eventually, I wore him down and got to write my way. That same stubborn attitude is why I don t type on the home row. After I got a writing lesson it was time to read. At the time, I stumbled through pre-K learning books about Bell and the Beast. But, gradually I started to understand more. That doesn’t mean I liked doing it or was good at it. In elementary I had terrible handwriting and spelling, I got lectured about it frequently. My dad would say you should work on your handwriting it s going to count when you go to jr. high and high school, little did he know that it was the age of the computers and would rarely ever have to a hand write a paper. In Jr. high I learned the basics of within writing and literature. There was very little writing, but lots of vocab. Not much reading, but lots of testing on the parts of a story. I had to work on the vocabulary a lot in 6th and 7th grade. My dad would help me by using unfamiliar words in his vernacular. I would have to take apart the sentence to gather what it meant. It was an unusual kind of game. Junior high English was where I grasped some key concepts of literacy. Key concepts like: in order to become better at being literate it takes effort and motivation. This was also where IShow MoreRelatedTo Kill A Mockingbird1195 Words   |  5 Pagesyou go along laughin . If Mr. Finch don t wear you out, I will - get in that house, sir! When Atticus takes Calpurnia to Tom Robinson s home, she has to sit in the back seat so as not to appear as Atticus s equal. She does not eat at the same table with the Finch family although she has been a part of it since Jem was two. She is clearly loved by the family but by no means is she their equal. I said come here, nigger, and bust up this chiffarobe for me, I got a nickel for you. The wordsRead MoreWho Is The Right Decision?1202 Words   |  5 PagesBase 631. Hated it with a passion. Despising the fact that men who should have been rightly put on trial, by a licensed and competent judge, were instead brought hundreds of feet below Lancashire. Their former lives erased, along with their crimes. I could really punch him sometimes, were the words that thudded through his mind when the gun first emerged from his jacket and had been put to the face of the sick soldier, who had merely been trying to get on with his job, fulfilling his specially contractedRead MoreEffects Of Depression On Athletes And Depression1286 Words   |  6 Pagesin ten Americans over the age of 12 takes some sort of antidepressant (Campbell, 2014, p. 572.) The numbers and statistics on depression are astonishing. Throughout my education at temple I have briefly touched on the subject of athletes and depression, respectively. To further expand my knowledge on this topic I looked at multiple areas dealing with the correlation of exercise and depression, as well as, the effect depression has on athletes. These areas included topics such as: depression, the relationshipRead MoreLycidas1529 Words   |  7 Pagesmust not pass without song. I too shall die one day and want someone to sing for me. Moreover, Lycidas and I grew up and made poetry together, to the delight of many. 37–49 â€Å"But O the heavy change now, thou art gon†: nature languishes in Lycidas’s absence. 50–63 The nymphs were powerless to save him, as Calliope was powerless to save her son, the poet Orpheus. 64–76 Lycidas died young, before poetry could make him famous. Since life and fame are uncertain, why not devote oneself to the hereRead MoreThe Execution Of Willie Trottie1517 Words   |  7 PagesSeptember 1992, Willie and Barbara separated and she moved in with her family. After some time, the relationship soured. Willie threatened that he would kill her if she did not return to him. He repeated the threat regularly, called Barbara constantly at home and at work, hit Barbara, bumped her car with his own while traveling at highway speed, and once kidnapped Barbara. In March 1993, Barbara obtained a protective order against Willie. 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This would basically involve collecting the unemployment figures. I think this is a very good way to measure the living standards to an area, as it shows the percentage

Deal of Downsizing in Corporations, Businesses and Other Organizations Free Essays

Abstract: In recent years, there has been a great deal of downsizing in corporations, businesses and other organizations throughout the United States. According to the two papers noted below, the negative effects of such layoffs cannot be completely eliminated, but they can be helped or reduced moderately through specific actions such as increased communication and counseling and trust- and team-building. Amundson (2004) notes that corporate downsizing has become an important area of study due to the increasing impact on the American workforce. We will write a custom essay sample on Deal of Downsizing in Corporations, Businesses and Other Organizations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most companies do little to prepare their employees for such negative measures. The majority of studies on this topic have focused on the victims of the layoffs; few have centered on the survivors. The studies that focused on survivors primarily used survey methods that assessed commitment, motivation, level of performance, job satisfaction, stress symptoms, and coping mechanisms and how these are related to self-affirmation, gender and organizational level, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and intent to leave the organization. In Amundson’s review of literature, he found only two related studies in which a semi-structured group interviewing format was used. Evans (1995) studied U.S. soldiers in the downsized military and Noer (1993) interviewed employees of a downsized private organization. Similar themes emerged from both of these studies: increased stress; decreased motivation; reduced performance with extra workload, distrust/withdrawal of management/leader; and experiencing the emotions of anger, sadness, guilt, insecurity, and fear. Research by Armstrong-Stassen (1998) used mail-in questionnaires to analyze the individual traits and support resources that helped 82 managers in a Canadian federal government department over a 2-year period cope with downsizing. Acknowledging that â€Å"reactions of the remaining employees will largely determine the effectiveness and quality of the services provided by the federal government in the future† (p. 310), she found managers reported a significant decrease in r job performance and commitment. To add to the literature regarding both positive and negative impacts to downsizing, Amundson (2005) interviewed 31 employees from a variety of organizations, including a federal human resources department, hospital, retailer, private employment consulting group, and two oil and gas companies. All individuals had remained in their organizations throughout the time of restructuring. Thirteen of the participants were men, and 18 were women. Their ages ranged from early 20s to mid-50s. Participants were interviewed within six months of the completion of downsizing in their organization. Participants were asked to describe, in behavioral terms, the positive and negative incidents they experienced during the downsizing period. The interviews highlighted three major questions: (a) What recent changes have you experienced in the organization? (b) What helped you to adjust to these changes (the positive incidents)? and (c) What hindered your adjustment (the negative incidents)? The responses by the interviewees of both negative and positive incidents demonstrated the mixed and sometimes confused reactions that survivors have to the downsizing experience. Participants reported both hindering and helpful aspects, regardless of gender or line of work. No event or concern was experienced as negative by everyone, although there definitely were more negative incidents. Throughout the interviews, survivors explained their experiences during the notification and implementation of the layoffs and the downsizing process and the way it was communicated. As the ramifications to downsize became clearer, workers reacted to the possible loss of their own position, changing coworker relations, organizational support programs, leadership, and the effect work changes had on their home life. The survivors cited 102 critical incidents (75 negative, 27 positive) about the restructuring process. The high participation rate, 65 percent for negative and 42 percent for positive incidents, demonstrated the survivors’ desires to be knowledgeable and part of developing the restructuring process. These individuals saw themselves playing a major role in a successful transition. Survivors felt better when involved. They felt frustrated when their input was ignored. Survivors also criticized counter-productive and wasteful processes. Nineteen survivors reported 31 negative incidents and 12 reported 18 positive incidents regarding fellow employees prior to the downsizing. The vast majority of negative incidents concerned grieving for laid-off peers. Survivors who were transferred away from their coworkers felt isolated and lonely and expressed guilt and envy. Positive incidents involved coworkers supporting each other through the uncertainty of the situation and seeking methods to communicate with one another after downsizing. Survivors also discussed the manner in which the organization treated their colleagues during the layoffs. Fair and sensitive treatment was reassuring to survivors; unfair or insensitive treatment resulted in resentment and anger. Management’s actions to facilitate or hinder the downsizing are significant. A total of 48 incidents–36 negative and 12 positive–were reported, with participation rates of 18 (58 percent) for and 8 (26 percent) respectively. Many employees were concerned about company leadership. They felt ambivalent when managers would look out for employees but, ultimately, had their own best interests at heart. Managers were perceived as untrustworthy when withholding information. Employees were angry when supervisors did not offer direction, guidance and information required by employees, but appreciated supervisors who were proactive and showed a positive attitude toward the change. Effective communication could calm fears, conflicting communication increased confusion and anxiety. Although survivors had jobs, their sense value diminished. Morale also decreased, with high incidents of people feeling angry, fear and anxiety. Although employees received support from family many experienced problems outside of work, including illness. Most employees considered the possibility of job loss currently or the future. Negative and positive critical incidents regarding job loss were reported by 13 (42 percent) and 9 (29 percent) of survivors, respectively. Survivors, found efforts to support employee mental health helped and that they would choices if they lost or left their jobs. Amundson concluded that the negative aspects of the downsize can be reduced or helped during downsizing by certain actions, since the integrity of the downsizing process can either destroy or build new loyalties: the trustworthiness of management is imperative, there is a real need for clear and open communication during all stages of the process.. The importance of support from family members is critical, as is ongoing counseling from the company in regards to the issues they face in the new environment. As Amundson finds, there are ways to help or reduce the â€Å"downs† of downsizing. Amabile (1999) decided to see how such aspects as creativity and teamwork could be improved in downsizing environments. If creativity usually declines during downsizing, the work environment plays a central role. Context encompasses all elements of the psychological climate of both the formal organization of policies and procedures and informal organization of values, norms, and interpersonal relationships. Research has shown that context can be important not only in affecting survivors’ reactions, but also in determining the impact of those reactions on job performance. A threatening situation ranks high as problematic. Threats are defined as external events or circumstances in which individuals, groups, or organizations perceive negative or harmful consequences for their vital interests. This leads to dysfunctional employees and organizations. However, studies of creativity stress the role of an organization’s environment in affecting creative behaviors. The componential model of creativity and innovation shows that five environmental components affect creativity: encouragement of creativity: autonomy or freedom in the day-to-day conduct of work; resources, or the materials, information, and general resources available for work; pressures including both positive challenge and negative workload; and organizational impediments to creativity such as conservatism and internal strife. High-creativity projects were generally higher on work environment stimulants to creativity and lower on work environment obstacles to creativity. Thus, it appears that there is indeed a relationship between the work environment and the level of creativity produced by individuals in teams. Amabile’s study (1999) examined the work environment for creativity at a large high-tech firm before, during, and after downsizing. Most creativity-supporting aspects of the work environment decreased greatly during the downsizing but increased somewhat later: The opposite occurred for creativity-undermining aspects. Stimulants and obstacles to creativity in the work environment mediated the effects of downsizing. These results suggest ways in which theories of organizational creativity can be expanded and ways in which the negative effects of downsizing might be avoided or alleviated. Although Noer (1993) suggested that survivors may not recover from the negative effects of downsizing, this research suggests the perceived work environment can improve modestly. Perhaps, some people eventually accept ongoing change within this company, as Noer suggested. However, it is also seen in his study that experienced downsizing was a less a predictor of work environment than was work group stability or downsizing. Thus, suggests Amabile, future research should focus attention here. The work group stability results are largely consistent with the theory of the need to belong suggesting that ongoing relational human bonds are a strong, basic, and pervasive motive that has long-lasting positive effects on emotional patterns and cognitive processes. The anticipated downsizing results suggest that, even if an employee’s work unit has been eliminated, the certainty of knowing the process is over leads to a generally more positive work environment than the expectation of future downsizing in a presently intact unit. That is, the anticipation of the negative event may be less tolerable than the actual experience. This study’s results suggest the possibility of adding a dynamic element to the componential model of organizational creativity. Presently, the componential model is static and specifies relationships between the perceived work environment and creative behavior at any one point in time. It does not address the dynamics of change in the work environment or how events within organizations might lead individuals to perceive their work environments as creativity-supporting or creativity-undermining. What types of events give rise to such environments, and what sorts of events lead to change in those environments? If this is so, events may prove to have a particularly powerful effect on the work environment for creativity. In future research, there could be an investigation of the mechanisms by which anticipated downsizing and work group instability might lead to degraded work environments. The threat theory could be especially helpful in guiding such studies, because it directly addresses possible changes in organizational environments under negative circumstances. Specifically, the following effects could be predicted: a centralization of control would lead to perceptions of lower autonomy/freedom, (2) a conservation of resources would lead to perceptions of less sufficient resources, (3) restriction of information flow would lead to perceptions of less encouragement of creativity from the organization overall (organizational encouragement), from one’s own supervisor (supervisory encouragement), and from one’s work group (work group supports), and (4) reliance on familiar routines would lead to perceptions of more organizational impediments to creativity, through a generally greater conservatism. Researchers may use this information to understand how downsizing and other organizational events bring about change in the perceived work environment for creativity. Most important, reports Amabile, â€Å"first, and most obviously, it is important to do it right.† Since downsizing decreases creativity, managers must first be sure that downsizing is a truly necessary. Second, when it is not possible to maintain team stability, it may be helpful to undertake team-building efforts as soon as new groups are formed–especially when high levels of creativity are desired. Finally, organizational creativity will be less apt to suffer in a downsizing if the process is concluded in a timely manner and if a downsizing moratorium can be identified for some meaningful period of time afterward. Overall, concludes Amabile, â€Å"Our study †¦suggests that corporate decision makers of the future should approach downsizing with great caution. The long-term negative effects of such actions on creativity and innovation may only retrigger the corporate woes that started the cycle in the first place.† How to cite Deal of Downsizing in Corporations, Businesses and Other Organizations, Essay examples

Impact of Climate Change Management

Question: Provide an outline on issues related to the impact of the climate change and global warming - at various levels - in relation to the environment in general and the living species (including humans) in particular. Analyse and discuss how this kind of environmental threat can be dealt with and how to minimise the impact. Your recommendations for a new sustainable environmentally friendly system should be constructed and sourced from actual data and reliable references. Answer: Introduction The current study is dealing with the environment discussion concerning the issues, and impact of global warming and sudden climate change. Furthermore, the study is also dealing with certain sector to critically analyze the issues of the environment concerning the environment as general and living species as well including the human beings particularly in United Nation (Aip.org, 2015). As it is a known fact, that there are various issues concerning the environment and therefore several measures are being taken by several nature conserving organizations of UN to overcome such issues, the study is also highlighting certain recommendation for the purpose. Issues related to the impact of the global warming and climate change In the present times, new things were slowly added to the rundown, running from the corruption of biological systems to dangers to human wellbeing. Atmosphere is frequently varying, however the development seen in the most current time are the best and are durable for a long time. Specialists in fields from ranger service to financial aspects, even national security specialists, contributed to survey the scope of conceivable outcomes (Antweiler, n.d.). It was difficult to make strong expectations given the many-sided quality of the worldwide framework, the distinctions starting with one district then onto the next, and the ways human culture itself may attempt to adjust to the progressions. Yet, by the beginning of the 21st century, it was clear that environmental change would convey genuine mischief to numerous locales some more than others. To be sure numerous sorts of harm were at that point starting to show up (Beller et al. 2010). According to Brown and Williams (2015), global warming got the consideration of the U.S. President's Science Advisory Committee. In the mean time the ascent of environmentalism was raising open questions about the advantages of human movement for the planet; smoke in city air and pesticides on homesteads were no more tokens of "advancement" however instigators of local or even worldwide mischief (Doyle and Von Windheim, 2014). Governments were currently putting a percentage of the natural development's requests into law; that made a down to earth requirement for formal "ecological effect" evaluations. Another industry of master experts endeavoured to conjecture impacts on the common habitat of everything from building a dam to managing processing plant discharges. On a more extensive scale, individuals worried about the earth connected progressively advanced experimental devices to contemplate the effects of deforestation, corrosive downpour, and numerous other huge scale exercises ( Genskow and Wood, 2011). They took a gander at effects on normal biological communities as well as on human wellbeing and monetary exercises. Evaluating the long haul effect of nursery gasses fitted effortlessly into this model. The United States coming to together with other nations and several numbers of huge partnerships, have confined ecological change settlements, it seems that anxious of profitable effects in the occasion that they need to carry out significant developments in the behaviour of working together (Hung, Wang and Shammas, n.d.). Furthermore, as more ecological change science has ascended throughout the years, several organizations are abiding with this and notwithstanding resembling their legislatures for more actions so there is quick explanation on the new standards of the distraction so they can work on with their associations. Flexibility tools were distinguished in the Kyoto Protocol as distinctive move towards to achieve emanations diminishment as a characteristic of the push to address ecological change problems. These falls into the supplementary classes: Clean Development Mechanism, Emissions Trading and Joint Implementation (Keene and Pullin, 2011). Then again, it is very questionable as were they, for the most part included on solid UN demand and to remain the US in the settlement (even though with the reality that the US in the end dragged out). More classifications of effects developed, and each started to pull in its own little band of pros. The specialists presumed that before the end of the 21st century they "could certainly expect major coastal effects, including shoreline retreat-flooding, saltwater interruption, and different financial impacts." A more broad EPA report that year anticipated that environmental change would bring "an adjustment in tenability in numerous geographic areas" insid e just a couple of decades, with conceivably "disastrous" results (Llaurado, 2011). The reasonable ramifications were that work on new vitality strategies ought to get in progress as soon as possible. A rate of the examples now under way, for instance, more sizzling nights in the midst of warmth waves and heavier impacts of storm and snoware depended upon to continue. Diverse changes will be less surely understood, and there could be astounds along the way (Millard, 2011). This extended helplessness makes making game plans for the future more troublesome. The capacity to adjust is one of our most prominent qualities as animal types. In any case, for this situation, the prescription could boost the infection. As we adjust to climatic changes officially happening, some of those practices will influence the measure of nursery gasses we put into the environment, and in this manner influence the atmosphere itself (Nature.org, 2015). Populace development expands or diminishes in air contamination, expanded capacity to buy aerating and cooling or cars, and other social and monetary changes are hard to bind decades into what's to come. This is the reason IPCC atmosphere researchers have m ade various emanations situations; every one outlines an alternate arrangement of conceivable future social, monetary, and innovative advancements for utilization in anticipating future changes in the atmosphere (Ross and Carter, 2014). In relation to the environment in general According to IPCC, it reports that that hot days, hot evenings, and warmth waves all have turned out to be more regular all inclusive in the most recent 50 years. Record-breaking warmth over the United States amid July 2006 is indicated in red on this guide from NOAA's National Climatic Data Centre . All things considered, precipitation has expanded universally in the course of the most recent century, including over the United States. Europe's 2003 warmth wave, which brought about more than 40,000 passing, was the most sultry in 150 years of present day record keeping, and potentially the most sweltering in 500 years, by a few assessments . The more precipitation/more dry season mystery is a direct result of rising temperatures permits more water to vanish from seas (adding additional dampness to the air for downpour or snow), however that warming likewise draws dampness out of the ground, exacerbating dry spell wherever it's not raining . In relation to the living species Immense swaths of woodland in Canada, Alaska, and Russia have been assaulted in the course of the most recent decade by backwoods flames, bolstered by record summer warmth and dry season. These flames include a lot of carbon dioxide, which is likewise the significant human-created nursery gas, to the environment . High-scope flames may have a general cooling impact in the long haul, as snowfall on the recently uncovered ground reflects winter daylight for a long time thereafter. As the atmosphere warms, woods are likewise moving north into area that was once Arctic tundra. These trees will act to warm the atmosphere by obscuring the surface. Some creature species are as of now moving toward higher rises or higher scopes, as warming crosses with other regular and human-delivered natural change. Pika, little rodents found in rocky parts of North America and Asia, has vanished from more than 50% of their extent in the U.S. Awesome Basin in the most recent century . Another risk to coral reefs emerges from changes in the science of sea water that make the water less basic as it ingests carbon dioxide from the air. Individuals are additionally getting influenced by sudden changes in the atmosphere and bringing about skin disease because of high temperature and over the top radiation of destructive beams . Analyzing the threats of environment There are several threats that have been rectified in the study that sheds light upon different sectors. The major threats highlighted here are: Numerous threats have been corrected concerning nature. The major threats are: Contamination and human populace- A developing world populace may appear like a conspicuous risk to the environment that goes a long ways past the easily proven wrong hypothesis of an unnatural weather change (Gupta and Innes, 2014). The greater danger is much more unpredictable and straightforwardly connected not to the dubious thought of a carbon foot shaped impression, yet to the remarkable arrangement of supply and interest. Changes of atmosphere on Earth-The last real environmental change were an ice age and the world is in the last phases of that occasion. The outcome is an ascent in temperatures and the softening of ice sheets and even the polar ice top (Keene and Pullin, 2011). Some exceptionally regarded researchers differ that a dangerous atmospheric deviation is the consequence of human-brought about contamination any more than it can bring about effective typhoons, torrents, quakes, surges, and even sunlight based flares. Deforestation-When a region loses its biodiversity; it turns out to be more powerless against other natural components. Deforestation disturbs the regular equalization of biological frameworks in the zone where the trees have been reaped and a long ways past (Nature.org, 2015). Sustenance creation can be affected because of dry spell and disintegration straightforwardly connected to the loss of woods. Corrosive Rain- Acid downpour is made by over the top sulphuric and nitric corrosive being pumped into the climate, streams, seas, and area. While some corrosive downpour is the by result of the characteristic procedures of rotting vegetation and volcanic movement, the present emergency comes straightforwardly from the blazing of fossil energizes (Millard, 2011). Water gets to be poisonous when corrosive downpour saturates the seas or lakes with an assimilation quality that cause the water to ingest soil-based aluminium and toxic substances the amphibian plant and marine life. Exhaustion of Ozone- Chemicals and chlorofluorocarbons toxins is made by industry and agribusiness. They have a negative effect the ozone layer. The absence of strict authorization of laws to keep the utilization of such toxins aggravates the circumstance (Ross and Carter, 2014). World governments that keep on allowing different contaminations into nature hinder the recuperation of the ozone layer. Discussion upon the ways to deal with the environmental issues to minimize the impact (Recommendations) By peeking over the issues faced by UN concerning the environment, there are several suggestions to overcome the issues includes: The UN must handle worldwide issues, for example, ozone layer consumption, and poisonous waste, loss of natural islands and species, and air and water contamination (Llaurado, 2011). Unless these issues are tended to, the governments together must take severe measures, as ecological misfortunes are exhausting the normal capital on which development and human survival are based. The use of toxic chemicals must also be banned from the use in order to avoid damages of the immune system and nervous system that shall cause reproductive disorder and cancer. Certain plans must be made in order to preserve the biodiversity, protect biodiversity, cleaning up the seas and oceans and disposing the waste in renewable manner (Globalissues.org, 2015). Conclusion The context of the research highlighted various issues and recommendations to overcome the issues. Furthermore, the causes of environment issues were also highlighted in the study referring to the nature condition of United Nation. References List Aip.org, (2015). Impacts of global warming. [online] Available at: https://www.aip.org/history/climate/impacts.htm [Accessed 8 Aug. 2015]. Antweiler, W. (n.d.). Elements of environmental management. Beller, W., D'Ayala, P. and Hein, P. (1990). Sustainable development and environmental management of small islands. Paris: UNESCO. Brown, E. and Williams, B. (2015). Resilience and Resource Management. Environmental Management. Doyle, M. and Von Windheim, J. (2014). Environmental Management Strategy: Four Forces Analysis. Environmental Management, 55(1), pp.6-18. Genskow, K. and Wood, D. (2011). Improving Voluntary Environmental Management Programs: Facilitating Learning and Adaptation. Environmental Management, 47(5), pp.907-916. Globalissues.org, (2015). Climate Change and Global Warming Global Issues. [online] Available at: https://www.globalissues.org/issue/178/climate-change-and-global-warming [Accessed 8 Aug. 2015]. Gupta, S. and Innes, R. (2014). Private politics and environmental management. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 68(2), pp.319-339. Hung, Y., Wang, L. and Shammas, N. (n.d.). Handbook of environment waste management. Keene, M. and Pullin, A. (2011). Realizing an effectiveness revolution in environmental management. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(9), pp.2130-2135. Llaurado, J. (2011). Handbook of Environmental Engineering: Vol. 11 Environmental Bioengineering. Management of Env Quality, 22(4). Millard, E. (2011). Incorporating Agroforestry Approaches into Commodity Value Chains. Environmental Management, 48(2), pp.365-377. Nature.org, (2015). Climate Change Impacts Threats | The Nature Conservancy. [online] Available at: https://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/urgentissues/global-warming-climate-change/threats-impacts/ [Accessed 8 Aug. 2015]. Ross, H. and Carter, R. (2014). The business of environmental management. Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 21(1), pp.1-4. Scales, I. (n.d.). Conservation and environmental management in Madagascar. Wood, L. (2011). Global Marine Protection Targets: How S.M.A.R.T are They?. Environmental Management, 47(4), pp.525-535.